Rajat Narang
'The nine nuclear-armed states are planning to maintain and modernize their nuclear forces for decades to come, diverting untold billions of dollars away from real human security (and basic sustenance) needs.' - Alicia Sanders-Zakre, ICAN, Co-Author of the report ’Premeditated: 2025 Global Nuclear Weapons Spending’. 'In the current atmosphere where norms are falling apart, we are facing both an increased risk that conflicts may cross the nuclear threshold and an intensification of conflict below this threshold. Nuclear threats are growing and diversifying and they may be preceded by episodes of intense conflict below the nuclear threshold. In this dangerous and uncertain world, you have to be feared if you want to be free.' - French President Emmanuel Macron in his March 2026 Speech.The Global Nuclear Juggernaut has virtually been on a roll as of-late with global spending on nuclear weapons clocking a whopping 19% year-on-year growth rate (amounting to $16.8 billion) to reach $119 billion cumulatively across the nine global nuclear weapon states globally (P5+4) for 2025. Also, the P5+4 have collectively already spent around $471 billion on their nuclear weapons arsenals over 2021-2025.The latest surge in spending on nuclear weapons is being driven, primarily, by the double whammy of deterioration of global security architecture, further exacerbated by the advent of Trump 2.0 era besides ongoing Russian military aggression in Ukraine, and the development of new super weapons, including, nuclear-powered delivery systems by Russia & a rapid expansion of its nuclear arsenal by China which has already grown three-fold to 620 nuclear warheads since 2020, in addition, to a radical technological generational shift, driven by the 3As, namely, AI, Autonomy & Asymmetric Capabilities, has collectively necessitated a focus on rapid modernization & expansion of their respective nuclear arsenals by P5+4This effort takes a real deep dive inside the nuclear vaults and nuclear industrial complexes of P5+4 and tracks their respective nuclear arsenals, including, their nuclear warheads portfolios and modernization efforts based on public domain sources. It also unravels their respective underlying nuclear doctrines, policies, postures & strategies, including latest updates & shifts, besides tracking the underlying nuclear command structures, key nuclear facilities and tracing the evolution and modernization of their respective nuclear triads...
