Study of the Catalytic Activity of Natural Supports Under Microwave Conditions

This paper is a literature review on the microwave-assisted synthesis of heterocycles using natural supports. This review highlights the high potential of natural catalysts (zeolites, montmorillonite, etc.) activated by microwave irradiation in the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds. These materials are characterized by their abundance of active sites and high specific surface areas; their natural abundance, recyclability, and catalytic efficiency help minimize environmental impact. The use of microwave irradiation as a non-conventional heating source is part of a green chemistry approach, enabling rapid reactions, simplicity of handling, high selectivity of key products, higher yields, reduced formation of undesirable byproducts, and a lower energy footprint.